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Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
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Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes

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Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance

Cynthia E Flynn1, Jeannette Guarner2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Christiana Care, Wilmington, Delaware.

Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc
|June 23, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causes millions of infections and thousands of deaths annually in the US. This review details urgent threats, resistance mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapies to combat AMR.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, with millions of infections and tens of thousands of deaths annually in the United States.
  • Despite mitigation efforts, AMR remains a critical challenge, necessitating comprehensive strategies for control and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) categorized list of antibiotic-resistant threats.
  • To detail the epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies for key AMR pathogens.
  • To present pathological findings of partially treated bacteria in tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the 2019 CDC report on antibiotic-resistant threats.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, resistance mechanisms, diagnostic limitations, and current/future therapies for categorized bacteria.
  • Inclusion of anatomical pathology case examples illustrating morphological changes in antibiotic-treated bacteria.

Main Results:

  • The CDC categorizes AMR threats into urgent, serious, and concerning groups.
  • Specific details on cases, deaths, resistance mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapies are provided for each bacterium.
  • Pathology examples highlight morphological alterations in bacteria under partial antibiotic treatment.

Conclusions:

  • A multi-faceted approach including infection control, stewardship, and novel therapies is crucial to mitigate AMR.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms and improving diagnostics are key to effective treatment.
  • Continued surveillance and research are vital to combat the evolving threat of antimicrobial resistance.
Keywords:
Pseudomonas aeruginosaStreptococcus pneumoniaantibiotic resistancecarbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumanniidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosisextended spectrum beta-lactamasemethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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