Human immunodeficiency virus in Saudi Arabia: Current and future challenges

Area of Science:

• Medical Science
• Public Health
• Virology

Background:

• Global HIV infection rates are declining due to early diagnosis and effective anti-retroviral therapy.
• Despite global progress, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region faces significant HIV burden, with 83,000 new infections in 2012.
• Saudi Arabia (KSA) has seen improved HIV surveillance and care since 1984, but challenges persist, including significant morbidity and mortality among patients on anti-retroviral therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current screening programs and therapeutic modalities for HIV care in KSA.
• To examine the emergence of drug resistance in HIV patients within KSA.
• To discuss future perspectives for HIV-associated healthcare in KSA and inform policymakers.

Main Methods:

• This study is a review of existing literature and data on HIV screening, treatment, and drug resistance in KSA.
• It synthesizes information on current healthcare practices and challenges.
• The review also considers progress towards UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals.

Main Results:

• HIV surveillance and care have advanced in KSA, yet patients on anti-retroviral therapy experience considerable morbidity and mortality.
• Challenges remain in controlling HIV infection, necessitating targeted treatment regimens and preventive strategies.
• Progress in meeting the 90-90-90 goals for HIV in the MENA region has not been systematically monitored.

Conclusions:

• Further targeted interventions and preventive strategies are crucial for controlling HIV infection in KSA.
• Healthcare policymakers need insights to align with UNAIDS 2020 vision programs.
• The ultimate aim is to foster an AIDS-free generation by achieving the 90-90-90 goals.