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Hematological and other Laboratory Parameter Changes in COVID-19 Patients

Yasmeen Khatib1, Rashmi Samele2, Jayashri Chaudhari3

  • 1Professor.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|June 25, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Hematological, coagulation, and inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) can predict COVID-19 severity and patient outcomes. These easily accessible biomarkers aid in early patient categorization for optimal management.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Pathology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • COVID-19, declared a pandemic by WHO in March 2020, presents with a wide spectrum of disease severity.
  • Identifying reliable biomarkers is crucial for assessing COVID-19 severity and predicting patient outcomes.
  • Previous research explored various laboratory parameters to gauge disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze hematological, coagulation, and immunological markers in patients with mild, moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19.
  • To investigate the relationship between these markers and the overall outcome of COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective observational study included 1,000 hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
  • Patients were categorized into mild, moderate, severe, and critical groups based on WHO guidelines.
  • Hematological, coagulation, and inflammatory parameters were analyzed and correlated with disease severity and survival.

Main Results:

  • Increased white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were associated with increased disease severity.
  • A decreased absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) was also significantly correlated with disease severity.
  • These markers showed significant differences across severity groups and correlated with patient survival.

Conclusions:

  • Several hematological and inflammatory markers serve as important biomarkers for predicting COVID-19 prognosis and patient outcomes.
  • The accessibility of these markers allows for early patient stratification and timely management.
  • These findings support the use of routine laboratory parameters in clinical decision-making for COVID-19 patients.
Abstract

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