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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are common in HIV-positive individuals, with over 70% affected. Older age, lower education, and lower nadir CD4 counts increase risk, impacting memory and verbal fluency.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) present with varying cognitive and functional impairments in HIV-positive individuals.
  • Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HAND prevalence remains significant, posing a considerable public health challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of HAND in a multi-ethnic HIV-infected population.
  • To characterize neurocognitive impairments and identify factors associated with HAND.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 250 HIV-positive patients at a tertiary care center in Mumbai.
  • Cognitive function assessed using the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) and Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R).
  • Exclusion criteria included delirium, known CNS or psychiatric disorders, and pregnancy.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of HAND was 71.60%, with asymptomatic impairment in 37.20% and mild cognitive dysfunction in 29.60%.
  • Memory, verbal fluency, and visuospatial abilities were the most affected cognitive domains.
  • HAND prevalence correlated positively with increasing age (p=0.020), negatively with education (p<0.00), and negatively with nadir CD4 counts (p<0.00).

Conclusions:

  • HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are highly prevalent among HIV-positive individuals, often presenting asymptomatically.
  • Older age, lower educational attainment, and lower nadir CD4 counts are key risk factors for HAND.
  • Cognitive deficits commonly affect memory, verbal fluency, and visuospatial abilities in this population.