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Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Aerobic Bacterial Pathogen Isolated from Endotracheal Aspirate
Swetha S1, Pramodhini S2, Umadevi S3
1MBBS Student.
Background:
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the major hospital-acquired infections and the emergence of bacterial resistance is common among patients in the intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of the study is to identify the common bacterial pathogen isolated from an endotracheal (ET) aspirate and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern.
Materials And Methods:
A prospective analytical study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital for a period of 1 year. All ET aspirate sample sent to the microbiology laboratory was processed and identified by standard biochemical tests and antibiotic sensitivity was by disk diffusion method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.
Results:
Of the total 217 samples studied, 85 (39.17.1%) were culture sterile and 132 (60.82%) showed culture positive. Among 132 isolates, the predominant organism was Acinetobacter baumannii (36.36%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.24%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.45%). We have reported a higher percentage of resistance among the isolated gram-negative bacilli to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and third-generation cephalosporins, with increased sensitivity to piperacillin-tazobactam and cefoperazone-sulbactam.
Conclusion:
In our study, A. baumannii was the predominantly isolated gram-negative bacilli followed by K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. One of the rising concerns to hospital-acquired respiratory pathogens is the surge of multidrug resistance patterns. Hence, strict adherence to antibiotic policy and appropriate use according to the guidelines will save the use of drugs in the future in life-threatening conditions.
Insights
Acinetobacter baumannii is the most common cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in ICUs. High resistance to common antibiotics necessitates careful antibiotic stewardship to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Area of Science:
- Medical Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant hospital-acquired infection in intensive care units (ICUs).
- Bacterial resistance is a growing concern in VAP cases.
- Identifying common pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility is crucial for effective treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalent bacterial pathogens in endotracheal aspirates from VAP patients.
- To analyze the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of these isolated pathogens.
Main Methods:
- A prospective analytical study conducted over one year in a tertiary care hospital.
- Endotracheal aspirate samples were processed using standard biochemical tests.
- Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines.
Main Results:
- Out of 217 samples, 132 (60.82%) yielded positive bacterial cultures.
- Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequent isolate (36.36%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.24%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.45%).
- High resistance rates were observed for carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and third-generation cephalosporins, with notable sensitivity to piperacillin-tazobactam and cefoperazone-sulbactam.
Conclusions:
- Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are key gram-negative pathogens in VAP.
- The increasing prevalence of multidrug resistance among these pathogens is a major concern.
- Strict adherence to antibiotic policies and judicious antibiotic use are essential to preserve treatment options for life-threatening infections.
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