Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Children
Published on: April 29, 2013
Evaluation of Heart Murmurs in Children
1Boston Combined Residency Program at Boston Children's Hospital and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
No abstract available in PubMed .
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Heart Sounds
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V)...
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
Assessment of apical pulse
Assessing the apical pulse is a critical nursing procedure, particularly indicated for:
Special considerations while measuring pulse
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation
Normal Heart Sounds
S1 (First Heart Sound)-
S1 is made by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves (atrioventricular valves), marking the beginning of systole.
S2 (Second Heart Sound)-
S2 is made by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar valves), marking the end of the systole.
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests