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Why has Food Insecurity Occurred During the COVID-19, and is There a Way Out?

Amit Kumar1, Damodar Suar1,2, Bimal Kishore Sahoo1

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National Academy Science Letters. National Academy of Sciences, India
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The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted food security through supply chain issues and income loss. Policy recommendations are provided to address these food insecurity challenges.

Keywords:
COVID-19Food securityNFSAUnemployment

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Economics
  • Public Health
  • Socioeconomics

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted global food security, affecting production, supply chains, and household incomes.
  • Disruptions included challenges in crop sowing and harvesting, alongside issues in food processing and distribution within India.
  • The National Food Security Act (NFSA) and temporary ration distributions were insufficient to fully combat pandemic-induced food insecurity.

Discussion:

  • Lockdowns and shutdowns in India created substantial hurdles for agricultural activities, impacting the food supply chain.
  • Worker retrenchment and migration, coupled with saturated rural wages, led to decreased income and altered food security status for many.
  • The pandemic highlighted vulnerabilities in existing food security frameworks and support systems.

Key Insights:

  • Food insecurity during COVID-19 stemmed from a complex interplay of supply chain disruptions, income reduction, and employment instability.
  • Existing food security measures, including the NFSA, faced limitations in addressing the scale of the crisis.
  • The pandemic exacerbated existing socio-economic disparities, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations.

Outlook:

  • Urgent policy interventions are needed to build resilient food systems and mitigate future food security crises.
  • Strengthening social safety nets and ensuring stable employment are crucial for long-term food security.
  • Future research should focus on adaptive strategies for food production and distribution in the face of global challenges.