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Assessing incidence and risk factors of laparoscopic cholecystectomy complications in Jeddah: a retrospective study
Zainab AlKhalifah1, Amal Alzahrani1, Shahad Abdu1
1Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University.
Insights
This study identified risk factors for complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallstone removal surgery). Acute cholecystitis, overweight, diabetes, and male sex predict complications and conversion to open surgery.
Area of Science:
- Surgical Gastroenterology
- Minimally Invasive Surgery
- Gallstone Disease Management
Background:
- Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the standard treatment for gallstones but carries risks.
- Previous research has not focused on LC complications in Western Saudi Arabia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors for postoperative complications (POCs) following LC.
- To analyze intraoperative complications (IOCs) and their predictors.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 510 patients undergoing LC at a tertiary center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Statistical analysis included chi-squared tests, independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U test, and multivariate regression.
Main Results:
- Overall incidence of IOCs was 10.8% (gallbladder perforation, bile leakage, bleeding).
- POCs occurred in 11% of patients (abdominal pain, elevated LFTs, retained stones).
- Acute cholecystitis, overweight, diabetes, and male sex were significant predictors of IOCs, POCs, and conversion to open surgery.
Conclusions:
- LC complications have multifactorial causes.
- Patient awareness of potential complications is crucial.
- Surgical team experience can minimize serious complications.
Abstract:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard treatment for gallstones. However, it is associated with several complications. No previous studies have investigated LC complications and their associated risk factors in the western region of Saudi Arabia.
Aims:
We aimed to identify the risk factors for postoperative complications (POCs) of LC at a tertiary institute in Jeddah, Western Saudi Arabia.
Settings And Design:
This retrospective study was conducted between June 2021 and August 2021 among patients who underwent LC at a tertiary centre in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Materials And Methods:
Records of 596 patients were reviewed, and 510 patients were included in the final analysis after applying the exclusion criteria. Data were collected from hospital medical records. χ 2 tests and independent t tests were used to analyse categorical and continuous variables, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for nonparametric data. Multivariate regression analysis was used to adjust the P values to determine the most strongly and independently associated risk factors.
Results:
Our data showed that the overall incidence of intraoperative complications (IOCs) was 10.8%. The most common complications were gallbladder perforation (n=28, 5.5%), bile leakage (n=25, 4.9%), and bleeding (n=15, 2.9%). POCs occurred in 11% of the patients; the majority complained of abdominal pain (n=36, 6.9%), had elevated liver function tests (n=14, 2.7%), and retained stones (n=11, 2.2%). Acute cholecystitis, overweight, diabetes, and male sex were significant predictors of IOC, POC, and conversion to open cholecystectomy (P<0.05).
Conclusions:
LC complications have a multifactorial aetiology. Patient awareness of all possible IOCs is fundamental. The improved skill and experience of the surgical team can mitigate serious complications.
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