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    This study introduces a wireless, battery-less 2D localization system for biomedical applications. The novel system achieves high accuracy and motion sensing capabilities without power constraints, enhancing continuous health monitoring.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Wireless Communication
    • Implantable Devices

    Background:

    • Existing localization systems for biomedical applications rely on batteries, posing risks like leakage and limited lifespan.
    • Continuous health monitoring requires reliable, long-term localization solutions without power dependency.
    • Current systems face challenges with miniaturization and power consumption for in-vivo applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate an entirely wireless and battery-less 2D localization system for biomedical use.
    • To address the limitations of battery-powered localization systems in continuous health monitoring.
    • To create a miniaturized, low-power localizer with motion-sensing capabilities.

    Main Methods:

    • A wireless and battery-less 2D localization system utilizing a 40.68 MHz RF power source (2 W) at a 4 cm distance.
    • An integrated circuit (IC) that wirelessly transmits a locked sub-harmonic 13.56 MHz signal, eliminating the need for a power-hungry oscillator.
    • Ex vivo testing within a porcine intestine model to assess localization accuracy and motion detection.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a localization accuracy of less than 5 mm in ex vivo porcine intestine measurements.
    • Demonstrated motion sensing capabilities for movements as small as 50 μm and motion rates up to 10 beats per minute.
    • The localizer features a compact form factor (17 mm × 12 mm × 0.2 mm) and consumes only 6 μW average power.
    • Measurement latency was recorded at 11.3 ms.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed wireless, battery-less 2D localization system offers a safe and convenient solution for continuous biomedical monitoring.
    • The system's ability to detect fine motions extends its utility to physiological motion monitoring, such as diaphragm movement.
    • This technology paves the way for advanced, implantable, and long-term localization solutions in healthcare.