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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Preclinical Research

Background:

  • Ultrahigh-dose-rate (FLASH) radiation therapy shows promise for sparing normal tissues while maintaining tumor control.
  • Kilovoltage (kV) x-ray sources are widely available but have not been extensively studied for FLASH applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and evaluate a rotating-anode kilovoltage x-ray source for preclinical FLASH radiation studies.
  • To investigate the in vivo effects of FLASH radiation on normal tissue and tumor response in mice.

Main Methods:

  • A rotating-anode x-ray tube and 80-kW generator were used to deliver FLASH (87 Gy/s) and conventional (CONV; <0.05 Gy/s) radiation doses to mouse hind limbs.
  • Histologic assessment of skin damage and tumor growth suppression (B16F10 model) were evaluated at 8 weeks post-irradiation.
  • In-phantom and in vivo dosimetry were performed using Gafchromic film and thermoluminescent dosimeters.

Main Results:

  • FLASH irradiation resulted in significantly reduced normal tissue injury (inflammation, ulceration, hyperplasia, fibrosis) compared to CONV irradiation at 8 weeks.
  • No significant difference in tumor growth suppression was observed between FLASH and CONV irradiation at 35 Gy.
  • Normal tissue sparing effects were dose-dependent, particularly for ulceration at 43 Gy.

Conclusions:

  • Rotating-anode kV x-ray sources can achieve preclinical FLASH dose rates suitable for small-animal studies.
  • FLASH radiation spares normal tissue toxicity without sacrificing tumor growth suppression.
  • This study presents a new, accessible modality for laboratory investigation of the FLASH effect.