Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Multi-Modal Signals for Analyzing Pain Responses to Thermal and Electrical Stimuli
Published on: April 5, 2019
The recognition, assessment and perceptions of total pain in people with profound intellectual disabilities: A mixed
Maeve Goodall1, Kate Irving1, Mary Nevin1
1School of Nursing, Psychotherapy & Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
Background:
People with profound intellectual disabilities are a population with complex comorbidities. Total pain recognises the interconnectedness of aspects of pain; social, psychological, physical, emotional, spiritual. Pain is under-recognised due to communication challenges and carers perceptions. This review's purpose is to synthesise current literature and provide guidance for future research and care.
Methods:
Five databases were searched in this mixed methods systematic review (Cinahl, Medline, Psycinfo, Web of Science, Scopus). Articles retrieved were reported via a PRISMA flow diagram. Quality appraisal utilised the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT). A convergent qualitative design was the method of data synthesis.
Results:
Data from 16 included articles generated four themes; Absent voices, reductionist assessment, pain intensity, valuing expertise. Data included physical pain only.
Conclusion:
Multifaceted pain needs inclusion in research. Assessment must consider the unique expressions of pain by individuals with profound intellectual disabilities. A sharing of expertise may improve pain care.
Related Concept Videos
Intellectual Disability
Pain
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management
Methods of Documentation III: PIE
Nociception
Analgesia and Pain Management

