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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography Micro-CT Imaging Method
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The Case for Expanding Visual Assessments During Spaceflight.

Ethan Waisberg1, Joshua Ong2, Mouayad Masalkhi1

  • 1University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
|June 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) poses risks to long-duration spaceflight. Expanding visual assessments beyond current methods is crucial for understanding SANS and protecting astronaut vision.

Keywords:
SANShead-mounted technologyspaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndromevisual assessments

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is a significant concern for long-duration spaceflight (LDSF), including Mars missions.
  • The underlying pathophysiology of SANS remains incompletely understood.
  • Current International Space Station (ISS) visual assessments include static visual acuity, Amsler grid, and surveys.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for the expansion of visual assessments during spaceflight.
  • To enhance the understanding of SANS and its effects on ocular health.
  • To identify key assessments for monitoring astronaut vision and developing countermeasures.

Main Methods:

  • Proposes incorporating dynamic visual, contrast sensitivity (CS), visual field testing, and virtual reality-based metamorphopsia assessments.
  • Discusses the potential of head-mounted visual assessment technology.
  • Highlights the need for further characterization of SANS functional and structural findings.

Main Results:

  • Expanded assessments can provide crucial data on SANS-related structural and functional changes.
  • These assessments are vital for maintaining astronaut vision during LDSF.
  • The proposed methods can aid in the development of effective countermeasures.

Conclusions:

  • Current visual assessments are insufficient for fully characterizing SANS.
  • Integrating advanced visual testing methods is essential for astronaut health in space.
  • Technological solutions like head-mounted devices can overcome current testing barriers.