Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vector Representation of Complex Numbers01:16

Vector Representation of Complex Numbers

164
Complex numbers, represented in Cartesian coordinates, can also be visualized as vectors. These vectors can be expressed in polar form, emphasizing their magnitude and angle. When a complex number is input into a function, the output is another complex number, highlighting the function's zero point from which the vector representation can originate.
Consider a function defined as the product of the complex factors in the numerator divided by the product of the complex factors in the...
164
Vector Transformation in Rotating Coordinate Systems01:16

Vector Transformation in Rotating Coordinate Systems

1.7K
Consider a vector rotating about an axis with an angular velocity, such that its tip sweeps a circular path.
1.7K
Vector Algebra: Graphical Method01:10

Vector Algebra: Graphical Method

12.5K
Vectors can be multiplied by scalars, added to other vectors, or subtracted from other vectors. The vector sum of two (or more) vectors is called the resultant vector or, for short, the resultant.
We use the laws of geometry to construct resultant vectors, followed by trigonometry to find vector magnitudes and directions. For a geometric construction of the sum of two vectors in a plane, we follow the parallelogram rule. Suppose two vectors are at arbitrary positions. Translate either one of...
12.5K
Vector Components in the Cartesian Coordinate System01:29

Vector Components in the Cartesian Coordinate System

20.4K
Vectors are usually described in terms of their components in a coordinate system. Even in everyday life, we naturally invoke the concept of orthogonal projections in a rectangular coordinate system. For example, if someone gives you directions for a particular location, you will be told to go a few km in a direction like east, west, north, or south, along with the angle in which you are supposed to move. In a rectangular (Cartesian) xy-coordinate system in a plane, a point in a plane is...
20.4K
Vector Algebra: Method of Components01:08

Vector Algebra: Method of Components

14.1K
It is cumbersome to find the magnitudes of vectors using the parallelogram rule or using the graphical method to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication. There are two ways to circumvent this algebraic complexity. One way is to draw the vectors to scale, as in navigation, and read approximate vector lengths and angles (directions) from the graphs. The other way is to use the method of components.
In many applications, the magnitudes and directions of...
14.1K
Vector Operations01:20

Vector Operations

1.3K
Vectors are physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction. The vector operations include addition, subtraction, and scalar multiplication.
A vector multiplied by a scalar value is called scalar multiplication. The result obtained is a new vector with a different magnitude. If the scalar is positive, the direction of the vector remains the same, but if it is negative, the direction of the vector is reversed. For example, the product of the mass and velocity yields the momentum.
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Cross-Device and Cross-OS Benchmark of Modern Web Animation Systems.

Journal of imaging·2026
Same author

Separating Information on Transparent Polypropylene Labels on Packaging with Dual Properties for the Visible Spectrum and Instrumental Infrared Observation.

Polymers·2022
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression
08:15

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression

Published on: July 28, 2023

1.3K

Manipulating Pixels in Computer Graphics by Converting Raster Elements to Vector Shapes as a Function of Hue.

Tajana Koren Ivančević1, Nikolina Stanić Loknar1, Maja Rudolf1

  • 1Faculty of Graphic Arts, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Journal of Imaging
|June 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel method to convert CMYK raster images into HSB vector images by replacing square pixels with various vector shapes based on hue. This technique enhances digital artwork and security graphics through unique, hue-driven patterns.

Keywords:
color systemscomputer graphicshuepixel shapesecurity graphics

More Related Videos

Applying Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging to Investigate the Palettes and the Techniques of Painters
07:05

Applying Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging to Investigate the Palettes and the Techniques of Painters

Published on: June 18, 2021

2.5K
Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing
06:25

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing

Published on: February 23, 2024

635

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression
08:15

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression

Published on: July 28, 2023

1.3K
Applying Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging to Investigate the Palettes and the Techniques of Painters
07:05

Applying Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging to Investigate the Palettes and the Techniques of Painters

Published on: June 18, 2021

2.5K
Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing
06:25

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing

Published on: February 23, 2024

635

Area of Science:

  • Computer Graphics
  • Image Processing
  • Digital Art

Background:

  • Traditional raster images use square pixels, limiting design flexibility.
  • Color conversion between CMYK, RGB, and HSB is crucial for digital image manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a method for converting CMYK raster images to HSB vector images using variable vector shapes.
  • To explore the application of hue-based shape replacement for creating structured patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Converting CMYK color values to RGB, then to HSB.
  • Selecting one of twenty-one vector shapes based on the hue value of each pixel.
  • Mapping vector shapes to a matrix corresponding to original pixel positions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully replaced CMYK pixels with distinct vector shapes based on hue.
  • Demonstrated the creation of unique visual patterns and structured designs.
  • Validated the method's applicability in security graphics and digital art individualization.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method offers a novel approach to image representation by replacing pixels with dynamic vector shapes.
  • Hue-based vector shape replacement provides a powerful tool for generating intricate patterns for security and artistic purposes.