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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Literary Theory
  • Philosophy of Fiction

Background:

  • Readers often assume real-world laws apply to fictional settings.
  • Debate exists on whether real individuals can inhabit fictional worlds.
  • The presence of real individuals in fiction is not explicitly stated but often implied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate reader assumptions about the co-existence of real and fictional individuals in story worlds.
  • To explore the asymmetry in perceived existence between real and fictional entities within narrative contexts.
  • To understand the role of authorial intent and reader interpretation in constructing fictional realities.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of prompts focusing on fictional vs. real individuals' worlds.
  • Participant surveys assessing willingness to include real individuals in fictional worlds and vice versa.
  • Analysis of the impact of spatial and temporal proximity on perceived interchangeability.

Main Results:

  • Participants readily accepted real individuals (e.g., Queen Victoria) in fictional worlds (e.g., Jane Eyre) when prompted.
  • Participants were less willing to accept fictional individuals in real-world contexts.
  • This asymmetry was moderated by shared spatial and temporal settings, increasing likelihood of interchange.

Conclusions:

  • Reader willingness to integrate real entities into fictional worlds is asymmetrical.
  • The author's implicit contract with the reader allows for the augmentation of fictional worlds with implied real-world elements.
  • Spatial and temporal congruence facilitates the perceived co-existence of real and fictional elements.