Uropathogens' Antibiotic Resistance Evolution in a Female Population: A Sequential Multi-Year Comparative Analysis.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in females and frequently treated with antibiotics.
• Rising antibiotic resistance necessitates monitoring uropathogen incidence and resistance patterns.
• Understanding local resistance trends is crucial for effective UTI management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To retrospectively analyze the incidence of uropathogens and their evolving resistance rates.
• To assess short- and medium-term trends in antimicrobial resistance for UTIs.
• To inform current treatment recommendations based on locoregional resistance data.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 1124 positive urine cultures from "Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele" Clinical Hospital.
• Data collected over three 4-month periods between 2018 and 2022.
• Identification of common uropathogens and evaluation of their resistance to key antibiotics.

Main Results:

• *Escherichia coli* was the most prevalent uropathogen (54.53%), followed by *Klebsiella* spp. (16.54%) and *Enterococcus* spp. (14.59%).
• Highest resistance in Gram-negative uropathogens was observed for levofloxacin (30.69%), ceftazidime (13.77%), and amikacin (9.86%).
• Significant resistance to levofloxacin and penicillin was noted in Gram-positive uropathogens, with increasing trends observed for ceftazidime and levofloxacin in Gram-negatives.

Conclusions:

• Continuous assessment of antimicrobial resistance patterns is essential for guiding UTI treatment.
• The study highlights specific antibiotic resistance trends relevant to the locoregional context.
• Data supports the need for updated empirical antibiotic therapy strategies for UTIs.