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Cultural Differences in Inhibitory Control: An ALE Meta-Analysis.

Gioele Gavazzi1, Chiara Noferini1,2, Viola Benedetti1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy.

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Summary

Eastern and Western cultures show distinct brain activity during cognitive control tasks. Eastern cultures utilize proactive inhibition, while Western cultures rely more on reactive inhibition, influencing behavior.

Keywords:
Eastern cultureWestern culturecultural differencescultureinhibitory controlmeta-analysisright prefrontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Cultural Neuroscience

Background:

  • Culture shapes attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, influencing communication and decision-making.
  • A debate exists on whether Eastern cultures exhibit superior self-control compared to Western cultures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neurobiological differences in cognitive control between individuals from Eastern and Western cultures.
  • To compare brain activation patterns during inhibitory control tasks using meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was conducted on 30 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies.
  • The Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) algorithm was used to analyze data from 719 participants.
  • Performance on Go-Nogo and Stop Signal Tasks was examined in relation to cultural background.

Main Results:

  • Distinct brain network activations were observed between Eastern and Western participants.
  • The right prefrontal cortex showed differential activation: Inferior Frontal gyrus in Easterners, middle and superior frontal gyri in Westerners.
  • Eastern participants showed more activation in proactive inhibitory control regions, while Western participants showed more activation in reactive inhibitory control regions.

Conclusions:

  • Eastern cultural backgrounds are associated with a greater reliance on proactive inhibitory control.
  • Western cultural backgrounds are linked to a greater reliance on reactive inhibitory control.
  • These findings suggest cultural influences on cognitive control strategies, potentially supporting culturally specific behaviors like collectivism versus individualism.