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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Increasing Extractable Work in Small Qubit Landscapes.

Unnati Akhouri1,2, Sarah Shandera1,2, Gaukhar Yesmurzayeva1,2

  • 1Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores quantum systems that maintain high free-energy without external energy. Minimal four-qubit systems show increased extractable work, with correlations enabling this effect.

Keywords:
non-equilibrium dynamicsopen quantum systemsquantum thermodynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Systems in nature, including biological ones, can resist thermalization, maintaining high free-energy states.
  • Understanding these non-equilibrium systems is crucial for fields like quantum thermodynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate isolated quantum systems capable of forming and sustaining high free-energy subsystems.
  • To identify the minimal system size and conditions required for increasing extractable work.

Main Methods:

  • Simulating quantum systems of qubits under a conservation law, with no external energy, heat, work, or entropy exchange.
  • Initializing qubits in mixed, uncorrelated states.
  • Analyzing system dynamics on co-evolving qubit landscapes with restricted connectivity and inhomogeneous temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Four qubits form the minimal system size where restricted dynamics and initial conditions allow for increased subsystem extractable work.
  • Restricted connectivity and non-uniform initial temperatures on eight-qubit landscapes prolong intervals of increasing extractable work for individual qubits.
  • Developed correlations within the system are shown to be key to enabling positive changes in extractable work.

Conclusions:

  • Isolated quantum systems can exhibit non-equilibrium behavior, leading to increased free-energy and extractable work.
  • System architecture, including connectivity and initial state distribution, significantly influences the emergence and persistence of high free-energy states.
  • Quantum correlations play a fundamental role in driving non-equilibrium processes in isolated systems.