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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
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Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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Genes and Athletic Performance: The 2023 Update.

Ekaterina A Semenova1,2, Elliott C R Hall3, Ildus I Ahmetov4,5,6,7

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia.

Genes
|June 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic markers influence athletic performance, with 251 DNA polymorphisms linked to athlete status. While specific genes show promise for endurance, power, and strength, genetic testing alone cannot predict elite athletic success.

Keywords:
GWASWESWGSathletesgeneticsgenomicsgenotypephysical performancepolymorphismsports

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Genomics
  • Human Genetics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Athletic performance and exercise capacity are complex traits influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  • Sports genomics research has identified numerous DNA polymorphisms associated with athlete status.
  • Previous studies utilized candidate gene approaches and genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advances in sports genomics research concerning genetic markers for athlete status.
  • To update the panel of DNA polymorphisms associated with endurance, power, and strength.
  • To evaluate the predictive power of genetic testing for elite athletic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and meta-analyses.
  • Inclusion of findings from large-scale initiatives like the UK Biobank.
  • Analysis of DNA polymorphisms (genetic markers) associated with athletic phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • As of May 2023, 251 DNA polymorphisms are associated with athlete status.
  • 128 genetic markers are positively associated in at least two studies: 41 for endurance, 45 for power, and 42 for strength.
  • Specific promising genetic markers identified for endurance, power, and strength phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • A significant number of genetic markers are associated with different aspects of athletic performance.
  • Certain DNA polymorphisms show particular promise for endurance, power, and strength.
  • Elite athletic performance cannot be accurately predicted using genetic testing alone.