Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
07:04

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

Published on: May 2, 2025

447

Regulation of PD-L1 Expression by Nuclear Receptors

Yoshimitsu Kiriyama1,2, Hiromi Nochi1

  • 1Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Nuclear receptors regulate programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, impacting cancer immune evasion. Understanding this regulation is key to developing new cancer immunotherapies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Immune suppression prevents self-injury but aids cancer growth.
  • Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 inhibit T cell responses.
  • PD-L1 is expressed in various cancers and normal tissues, promoting immune escape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulation of PD-L1 expression.
  • To focus on the role of nuclear receptors in PD-L1 regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PD-L1 expression and regulation.
  • Analysis of PD-L1 upregulation by cytokines and transcription factors.
  • Examination of nuclear receptor control over PD-L1.

Main Results:

  • PD-L1 expression is upregulated by inflammatory signals.
  • Nuclear receptors including androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, PPARγ, and RORγ regulate PD-L1.
  • PD-L1 is expressed in multiple cancer types and normal tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear receptors play a significant role in controlling PD-L1 expression.
  • Targeting nuclear receptor regulation of PD-L1 may offer novel cancer therapy strategies.
Keywords:
PD-L1androgen receptorestrogen receptornuclear receptorperoxisome-proliferator-activated receptorretinoic-acid-related orphan receptor

More Related Videos

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay for Studying Functional Interactions Between Receptors and Enzymes09:40

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay for Studying Functional Interactions Between Receptors and Enzymes

Published on: September 28, 2018

15.2K
Development of a 68Gallium-Labeled D-Peptide PET Tracer for Imaging Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression09:06

Development of a 68Gallium-Labeled D-Peptide PET Tracer for Imaging Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.5K

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
2.4K
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
2.1K
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
1.4K
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.5K
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
35.5K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
951