Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization
Published on: March 11, 2011
Functional Changes Associated With the Subcellular Localization of the Nuclear Receptor NR4A1
Yoshimitsu Kiriyama1,2, Akira Nakatsuma1, Hiroshi Tokumaru1
1Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Takamatsu 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan.
Abstract:
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1), which is also known as nuclear receptor 77 (NUR77), NGFI-B, or testicular receptor 3 (TR3), is a member of the NR4A subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily. NR4A1 has both nuclear localization and nuclear export signals, and NR4A1 is present in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus. NR4A1 alters its subcellular localization through phosphorylation or SUMOylation. In the nucleus, NR4A1 plays an important role in regulating gene expression by directly binding to genomic DNA or indirectly influencing other transcription factors. In the cytoplasm, NR4A1 affects the stabilization of β-catenin, which is involved in various tumorigenesis. Furthermore, NR4A1 is involved in LPS-induced inflammasome activation. In mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, NR4A1 plays an important role in the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. In this review, we focused on the current knowledge of subcellular localization and molecular function of NR4A1.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting
Nuclear Protein Sorting
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Co-activators and Co-repressors
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
Signal Transduction: Overview
Typically, signal transduction involves three...

