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The Role of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) in Cancer: A Systematic Review

Maja Owe-Larsson1, Jan Pawłasek1, Tomasz Piecha2

  • 1Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) protein is involved in cancer development and progression. CART may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target in various neoplastic disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) neuropeptide, encoded by the CARTPT gene, has diverse functions including behavioral modification, pain sensitivity, and antioxidant activity.
  • The CART peptide receptor GPR160 has been linked to cancer pathogenesis, but the precise role of CART protein in neoplasm development is not fully understood.

Approach:

  • A systematic review was conducted, analyzing 19 publications from Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline Complete databases.
  • The review focused on studies investigating the association between CART and various types of cancer.

Key Points:

  • CART is expressed in multiple cancers, including breast cancer and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).
  • CART shows potential as a biomarker for breast cancer, stomach adenocarcinoma, glioma, and certain NETs.
  • In cancer cell lines, CART functions as an oncogene, promoting cell survival by activating the ERK pathway, inhibiting apoptosis, and increasing cyclin D1 levels.
  • CART has been observed to protect breast cancer cells from tamoxifen-induced death.

Conclusions:

  • The data strongly support CART's involvement in cancer pathogenesis.
  • CART activity presents potential new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in neoplastic disorders.
Keywords:
cell cyclecocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcriptmarkerproliferationtumor

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