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Real Evidence and Misconceptions about Malignant Hyperthermia in Children: A Narrative Review

Luciano Frassanito1, Fabio Sbaraglia1, Alessandra Piersanti1

  • 1Department of Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione-IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, life-threatening pharmacogenetic disorder affecting children more than adults. Improved personalized prevention and diagnosis are crucial for managing this anesthetic risk.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacogenetics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, life-threatening pharmacogenetic disorder.
  • Pediatric patients exhibit a five-fold higher incidence of MH compared to adults.
  • Existing guidelines address diagnostic pathways and trigger avoidance, but require improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent evidence on malignant hyperthermia diagnosis and management.
  • To highlight the need for improved personalized prevention strategies.
  • To address common misconceptions among healthcare professionals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent epidemiological data and guidelines.
  • Synthesis of evidence from anesthesiology, pediatrics, and neurology associations.
  • Analysis of diagnostic pathways and prevention policies.

Main Results:

  • Significant advancements in understanding MH diagnostic pathways.
  • Persistent need for enhanced personalized prevention and trigger-free perioperative care.
  • Prevalence of misconceptions among healthcare providers regarding MH.

Conclusions:

  • Further refinement of personalized approaches to MH prevention is essential.
  • Education and updated guidelines are necessary to combat physician misconceptions.
  • Improving perioperative management of MH, especially in pediatric populations, remains a priority.

Keywords:
dantrolenegeneral anesthesiagenetic screeningmalignant hyperthermiapatient safetypediatric anesthesiapersonalized medicine

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