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Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
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Modified Natural Diatomite with Various Additives and Its Environmental Potential.

Krzysztof Gondek1, Piotr Micek2, Agnieszka Baran1

  • 1Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.

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|June 28, 2023
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Summary

Modified diatomite (DT) effectively immobilizes heavy metals like cadmium, zinc, lead, and nickel. Adding biochar or dolomite to calcined DT significantly reduced metal leaching, creating a less toxic and economically viable sorbent.

Keywords:
additivesdiatomiteecotoxicityimmobilisationsorption properties

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Chemical pollution, particularly from heavy metals, poses a significant environmental and health risk.
  • Diatomite (DT) is a naturally occurring material with potential for heavy metal immobilization.
  • Calcined diatomite may risk releasing heavy metals, necessitating property modification for safer application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, inexpensive, and improved material for heavy metal immobilization.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of modifying diatomite with additives like biochar, dolomite, and bentonite.

Main Methods:

  • Calcined diatomite was prepared in three grain fractions (0-1 mm, 0-0.5 mm, 5-100 µm).
  • Diatomite mixtures were created using 75% diatomite and 25% additives: biochar (BC), dolomite (DL), or bentonite (BN).
  • Aqueous extracts were analyzed for heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Pb, Ni) to assess immobilization efficiency and toxicity.

Main Results:

  • Enrichment of calcined diatomite with biochar and dolomite significantly reduced or eliminated Cd, Zn, Pb, and Ni in aqueous extracts.
  • The specific surface area and additive type were crucial for the immobilization performance.
  • Mixtures of diatomite with dolomite and bentonite exhibited the lowest toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Modified diatomite, particularly with dolomite and biochar, offers an effective and less toxic solution for heavy metal immobilization.
  • Utilizing locally sourced raw materials for sorbent production reduces costs and environmental impact.
  • These findings support the economic viability and environmental benefits of producing high-performance sorbents from modified diatomite.