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Related Concept Videos

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

178
Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
178
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

97
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
97
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

133
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
133
Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

107
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
107
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

270
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
270
Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

476
Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
476

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients
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[Hypoactive delirium].

Fatima Diouf1, Brieuc Hoang1, Laurent Bammatter1

  • 1Service de psychiatrie gériatrique, Département de psychiatrie, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, 1211 Genève 14.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|June 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Hypoactive delirium, an acute confusional state, is challenging to diagnose due to overlapping symptoms with dementia and depression. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent prolonged illness and caregiver burden.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Context:

  • Delirium, or acute confusional state, involves sudden changes in attention, consciousness, and cognition.
  • The hypoactive subtype presents significant diagnostic and clinical challenges.
  • Overlapping symptoms with dementia and depression complicate accurate diagnosis of hypoactive delirium.

Purpose:

  • To explore the specific characteristics of hypoactive delirium in hospital settings.
  • To review the neurobiological underpinnings of hypoactive delirium.
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges and current literature-based management strategies.

Summary:

  • Hypoactive delirium, a subtype of acute confusional state, is difficult to diagnose because its symptoms mimic dementia and depression.
  • Without prompt diagnosis and intervention, hypoactive delirium can persist for weeks, impacting patients and caregivers.
  • This review covers hospital practice, neurobiology, diagnostic hurdles, and management of hypoactive delirium.

Impact:

  • Improved diagnostic accuracy for hypoactive delirium.
  • Enhanced patient care and reduced prolonged illness duration.
  • Better support for caregivers and families affected by delirium.