Sleep assessment in adults with Down syndrome: correlation between functionality and polysomnographic findings

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Sleep Medicine
• Genetics

Background:

• Sleep disorders adversely affect health, contributing to neurocognitive issues, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity.
• Sleep quality is crucial for overall well-being and development, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the sleep patterns of adults with Down syndrome (DS).
• To correlate observed sleep changes with functional abilities and behavioral characteristics in this population.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 22 adults with DS (age >18).
• Sleep quality assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, with functional independence and behavior evaluated by the Functional Independence Measure and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.
• 11 participants with suspected sleep disorders underwent polysomnography.

Main Results:

• 100% of participants showed impaired sleep architecture, characterized by increased awakenings and reduced slow-wave sleep.
• High prevalence of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), with elevated Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) averages.
• Negative correlations found between sleep quality and global functionality, cognitive function, and personal care; behavioral changes linked to poorer sleep.

Conclusions:

• Adults with Down syndrome exhibit significant sleep quality impairment.
• Sleep disturbances, including SDB, negatively affect the functional and behavioral aspects of individuals with DS.