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Imaging Findings in Aspergillosis: From Head to Toe
Célia Sousa1, Romulo Antonio Pasini2, Alessandro Pasqualotto3
1Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.
Abstract:
Aspergillosis is a mycotic infection induced by airborne fungi that are ubiquitous. Inhalation of Aspergillus conidia results in transmission through the respiratory tract. The clinical presentation is dependent on organism and host specifics, with immunodeficiency, allergies, and preexisting pulmonary disease constituting the most important risk factors. In recent decades, the incidence of fungal infections has increased dramatically, due in part to the increased number of transplants and the pervasive use of chemotherapy and immunosuppressive drugs. The spectrum of clinical manifestations can range from an asymptomatic or mild infection to a swiftly progressive, life-threatening illness. Additionally, invasive infections can migrate to extrapulmonary sites, causing infections in distant organs. Recognition and familiarity with the various radiological findings in the appropriate clinical context are essential for patient management and the prompt initiation of life-saving treatment. We discuss the radiological characteristics of chronic and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, as well as some of the typically unexpected extrapulmonary manifestations of disseminated disease.
Insights
Aspergillosis, a fungal infection from airborne Aspergillus, presents varied symptoms and risk factors. Early recognition of radiological findings is crucial for managing pulmonary and disseminated disease.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Radiology
Background:
- Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by ubiquitous airborne Aspergillus conidia.
- Risk factors include immunodeficiency, allergies, and pre-existing pulmonary disease, with increasing incidence due to transplants and immunosuppressive therapies.
- Clinical presentations range from mild to life-threatening, with potential for extrapulmonary spread.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the radiological characteristics of pulmonary and disseminated aspergillosis.
- To highlight the importance of radiological findings in clinical management.
- To discuss unexpected extrapulmonary manifestations.
Main Methods:
- Review of radiological findings in aspergillosis.
- Correlation of imaging with clinical context.
- Discussion of chronic, invasive pulmonary, and disseminated disease.
Main Results:
- Radiological findings vary based on disease type (chronic vs. invasive pulmonary, disseminated).
- Extrapulmonary manifestations can occur in disseminated aspergillosis.
- Familiarity with imaging is key for diagnosis and treatment.
Conclusions:
- Radiological assessment is essential for diagnosing and managing aspergillosis.
- Understanding diverse imaging patterns aids in prompt patient care.
- Early detection of pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease improves outcomes.
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