3D Dirac semimetal supported thermal tunable terahertz hybrid plasmonic waveguides

By depositing the trapezoidal dielectric stripe on top of the 3D Dirac semimetal (DSM) hybrid plasmonic waveguide, the thermal tunable propagation properties have been systematically investigated in the terahertz regime, taking into account the influences of the structure of the dielectric stripe, temperature and frequency. The results manifest that as the upper side width of the trapezoidal stripe increases, the propagation length and figure of merit (FOM) both decrease. The propagation properties of hybrid modes are closely associated with temperature, in that when the temperature changes in the scope of 3-600 K, the modulation depth of propagation length is more than 96%. Additionally, at the balance point of plasmonic and dielectric modes, the propagation length and FOM manifest strong peaks and indicate an obvious blue shift with the increase of temperature. Furthermore, the propagation properties can be improved significantly with a Si-SiO₂ hybrid dielectric stripe structure, e.g., on the condition that the Si layer width is 5 µm, the maximum value of the propagation length reaches more than 6.46 × 10⁵µm, which is tens of times larger than those pure SiO₂ (4.67 × 10⁴µm) and Si (1.15 × 10⁴µm) stripe. The results are very helpful for the design of novel plasmonic devices, such as cutting-edge modulator, lasers and filters.