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Diagnosing inconsistent phonological disorder: quantitative and qualitative measures.

Barbara Dodd1, Beth McIntosh2, Sharon Crosbie3

  • 1Speech and Language Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics
|June 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Children with inconsistent phonological disorder (IPD) exhibit distinct speech error patterns compared to typically developing children. Their inconsistent word productions reveal a phonological planning deficit, differentiating IPD as a speech sound disorder category.

Keywords:
Inconsistencydifferential diagnosisqualitative measuresspeech sound disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Speech sound disorder (SSD) identification relies on analyzing children's word production consistency.
  • Inconsistent errors characterize two groups: childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and inconsistent phonological disorder (IPD).
  • IPD is hypothesized to stem from impaired phonological planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and compare the inconsistent word productions of children with IPD to those of typically developing (TD) children.
  • To investigate the characteristics of inconsistent speech errors in children with IPD.
  • To explore the effect of word complexity on inconsistency in children with IPD.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies involving 135 children with suspected SSD were conducted.
  • 22 children meeting criteria for IPD (≥40% inconsistent word productions across three trials) were analyzed.
  • Participants had no CAS symptoms, were monolingual, and spoke Australian- or Irish-English. Productions were assessed for consistency, and qualitative analyses examined error types and word characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Children with IPD produced 52% of words with variable errors across trials.
  • While 56% of phoneme errors were developmental, atypical errors (e.g., default sounds, word structure errors) were common in IPD.
  • Words with more phonemes, syllables, and consonant clusters were more prone to inconsistency.

Conclusions:

  • Children with IPD demonstrate distinct quantitative and qualitative speech error profiles compared to TD children.
  • These findings support IPD as a valid diagnostic category within SSD.
  • Qualitative analyses align with the hypothesis of a phonological planning deficit in children with IPD.