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Using a Latent Variable Method to Develop a Composite, Multidimensional Measure of Structural Racism at the City
Michael Siegel1, Madeline Rieders2, Hannah Rieders2
1Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 636 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. Mike.Siegel@tufts.edu.
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
|June 29, 2023
Summary
A new city-level measure of structural racism reveals significant disparities across the U.S. Higher structural racism is linked to increased racial disparities in firearm homicide rates, highlighting its impact on public health.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Urban Studies
Background:
- Structural racism is linked to racial health disparities.
- Existing measures do not capture city-level structural racism comprehensively.
- City-level policies and institutions significantly influence structural racism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a novel, multidimensional measure of structural racism at the U.S. city level.
- To assess the relationship between structural racism and racial health disparities, specifically firearm homicide rates.
Main Methods:
- Confirmatory factor analysis was used to model structural racism in 776 U.S. cities.
- The model incorporated indicators across five dimensions: segregation, incarceration, education, employment, and economic status.
- Factor scores were generated to represent city-level structural racism, and their correlation with firearm homicide disparities was examined.
Main Results:
- Profound differences in structural racism and firearm homicide racial disparities were observed across cities.
- Structural racism was a significant predictor of racial disparities in firearm homicide.
- A one standard deviation increase in the structural racism score was associated with a 1.2 times increase in the firearm homicide rate ratio.
Conclusions:
- The developed measure provides a novel tool for quantifying city-level structural racism.
- Researchers can use this measure to investigate the impact of structural racism on racial health disparities.
- Findings underscore the importance of addressing city-level structural factors to reduce health inequities.
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