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Update on Brucella canis: Understanding the Past and Preparing for the Future
Mary K Sebzda1, Lin K Kauffman2
1Newport Harbor Animal Hospital, 125 Mesa Drive, Costa Mesa, CA 92627, USA; Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Summary
Brucella canis causes canine brucellosis, a zoonotic reproductive disease. This review updates canine brucellosis epidemiology, diagnostics, and international dog import regulations to mitigate spread and zoonotic risk.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Zoonotic Diseases
Background:
- Brucella canis is a significant cause of reproductive disease in dogs.
- The bacterium poses a zoonotic risk to humans handling infected animals.
- Increased international dog importation raises concerns about Brucella canis dispersal.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an update on Brucella canis epidemiology since 2018.
- To review current diagnostic testing options for canine brucellosis.
- To discuss regulations concerning international dog movement and zoonotic potential.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on recent advancements in Brucella canis research.
- Analysis of current epidemiological data and diagnostic methodologies.
- Examination of international regulations and their impact on disease spread.
Main Results:
- Brucella canis continues to be a concern, with potential for increased spread through dog importation.
- Updated diagnostic tools offer improved detection capabilities.
- Existing regulations may not be sufficient to prevent the international dispersal of Brucella canis.
Conclusions:
- Enhanced management strategies, including screening imported dogs, are crucial.
- Owner and shelter education is vital for prevention and control.
- Further research into therapies and prevention is needed to combat canine brucellosis.
