Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

629
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
629
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

6.1K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.1K
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

481
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
481
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

575
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
575
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

7.2K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparing the Use of Measured and Smoothed Data in Forecasting Visual Field Tests Using Deep Learning.

Ophthalmology science·2026
Same author

Mechanical and Bond Performance of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete Incorporating Natural and Recycled Diatoms.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Empirical validation of race-neutral normative brain morphometry models across ethnoracially diverse populations.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Modalities of vision restoration in optic neuropathies and retinal disease.

Progress in retinal and eye research·2026
Same author

A rare case of gastric ascariasis.

ASM case reports·2026
Same author

An integrated molecular approach for the detection and species-level identification of <i>Leishmania</i> spp. in clinical samples.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same journal

Ciliary flow and morphology shape mass transport at the surface and within gastrovascular cavities of black corals.

Communications biology·2026
Same journal

Virus-mediated prokaryotic community adaptation dynamics under thermal stress in municipal organic solid waste microbiomes.

Communications biology·2026
Same journal

Multi-omics insights into the woolly trait of Saussurea medusa and the plant's coordinated regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.

Communications biology·2026
Same journal

Loss contexts enhance dorsolateral prefrontal interpersonal neural synchrony during successful human deceptive recommendations.

Communications biology·2026
Same journal

Neuro-regulator role of H<sub>2</sub>S in astrocyte activation and its effects on neurological damage and behavior of VPA-exposed rats.

Communications biology·2026
Same journal

Temporal orchestration of transcriptional and epigenomic programming underlying maternal embryonic diapause in a cricket model.

Communications biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

13.1K

GABA decrease is associated with degraded neural specificity in the visual cortex of glaucoma patients.

Ji Won Bang1, Carlos Parra2, Kevin Yu2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, 10017, USA. JiWon.Bang@nyulangone.org.

Communications Biology
|June 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glaucoma patients show reduced GABA and glutamate in the visual cortex. Declining GABA levels, not glutamate, predict reduced neural specificity, suggesting GABA as a therapeutic target.

More Related Videos

A Magnetic Microbead Occlusion Model to Induce Ocular Hypertension-Dependent Glaucoma in Mice
09:26

A Magnetic Microbead Occlusion Model to Induce Ocular Hypertension-Dependent Glaucoma in Mice

Published on: March 23, 2016

19.6K
Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic Microspheres
06:35

Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic Microspheres

Published on: February 2, 2015

17.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

13.1K
A Magnetic Microbead Occlusion Model to Induce Ocular Hypertension-Dependent Glaucoma in Mice
09:26

A Magnetic Microbead Occlusion Model to Induce Ocular Hypertension-Dependent Glaucoma in Mice

Published on: March 23, 2016

19.6K
Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic Microspheres
06:35

Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic Microspheres

Published on: February 2, 2015

17.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Metabolic mechanisms

Background:

  • Glaucoma is an age-related neurodegenerative disease impacting the eye and brain.
  • Metabolic mechanisms and neurobehavioral relevance in glaucoma are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate GABAergic and glutamatergic systems in the visual cortex of glaucoma patients.
  • Examine the relationship between these neurotransmitters and neural specificity.

Main Methods:

  • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • Assessed GABA and glutamate levels in the visual cortex.
  • Correlated neurotransmitter levels with glaucoma severity and neural specificity.

Main Results:

  • Both GABA and glutamate levels decrease with glaucoma severity in older adults.
  • Reduced GABA levels, independent of age and retinal structure, predict decreased neural specificity.
  • Glutamate reduction did not predict neural specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Glaucoma-associated GABA decline impairs neural specificity in the visual cortex.
  • Targeting GABAergic systems may offer a strategy to enhance neural specificity in glaucoma patients.