Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

8.4K
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
8.4K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

8.8K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
8.8K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

47.4K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
47.4K
Exceptions to the Octet Rule02:55

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

28.5K
Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:
28.5K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

26.9K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
26.9K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

43.1K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
43.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Th@C<sub>84</sub> Revisited: Lost in the Corners of One's Own Cage.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same author

The Far Side of Carboranes: Anticancer Active Monocations and Ambiently Stable Dications.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Periodontitis, Oral Helicobacter pylori Reservoirs, and Gastric Cancer: Implications for Adjunctive Periodontal Therapy.

Neuro endocrinology letters·2026
Same author

Electron Pool Enrichment of Polyhedral Carboranes: A Key to Isomerization and Nucleophilicity.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

The Pre-ECPR score for predicting favorable neurological outcomes after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: protocol for external validation in the Prague OHCA trial cohort.

Resuscitation plus·2026
Same author

Impact of rhythm changes during CPR on ECPR outcomes: an ELSO Registry study.

Resuscitation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis
13:09

Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis

Published on: January 6, 2016

14.8K

Boron-based octahedral dication experimentally detected: DFT surface confirms its availability.

Willi Keller1, Menyhárt B Sárosi2, Jindřich Fanfrlík3

  • 1Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim Garbenstrasse 30 D-70599 Stuttgart Germany willi.keller@uni-hohenheim.de.

RSC Advances
|June 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized novel cationic boron clusters, including the first closo-dicationic octahedral phosphahexaborane and monocationic pnictogenahexaboranes. These unique boron clusters were characterized using computational methods, confirming their stability and charge distribution.

More Related Videos

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

7.7K
Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
08:00

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Published on: March 27, 2018

11.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis
13:09

Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis

Published on: January 6, 2016

14.8K
Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

7.7K
Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
08:00

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Published on: March 27, 2018

11.1K

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Boron Cluster Chemistry

Background:

  • Borane and heteroborane clusters are typically neutral or anionic.
  • Recent advancements have introduced ten-vertex monocationic nido and closo dicarbaborane systems.
  • These systems are derived from reactions involving N-heterocyclic carbenes and protonization of intermediates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel cationic boron clusters.
  • To explore the formation of closo-dicationic octahedral phosphahexaborane.
  • To investigate new closo-monocationic pnictogenahexaboranes.

Main Methods:

  • One-pot synthesis involving N-heterocyclic carbenes and closo-1,2-Pn2B4Br4 (Pn = As, P).
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
  • ZORA (Zero-Order Regular Approximation) relativistic calculations.
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of the first closo-dicationic octahedral phosphahexaborane.
  • Generation of new closo-monocationic pnictogenahexaboranes.
  • DFT/ZORA/NMR confirmed the existence of these species in solution.
  • Electrostatic potential calculations revealed charge delocalization within the octahedral structures.

Conclusions:

  • Established a novel one-pot procedure for synthesizing cationic boron clusters.
  • Demonstrated the formation of unprecedented dicationic and monocationic boron cluster architectures.
  • Provided strong evidence for the stability and structural characteristics of these novel cationic species.