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Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Computed Tomography01:10

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
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Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT
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Time-domain full-field optical coherence tomography with digital confocal line scanning.

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    Full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) imaging depth was improved using digital confocal line scanning. This technique enhances signal-to-noise ratio by an order of magnitude in scattering media.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical optics
    • Microscopy techniques
    • Optical imaging

    Background:

    • Full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) offers high spatial resolution for deep tissue imaging.
    • The lack of confocal gating in FF-OCT limits imaging depth due to scattered light.
    • Interferometric microscopy techniques are crucial for non-invasive biological sample analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To implement digital confocal line scanning in time-domain FF-OCT.
    • To overcome the depth limitation of FF-OCT by introducing confocal gating.
    • To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for improved imaging in scattering samples.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a rolling-shutter camera's row-by-row detection for digital confocal line scanning.
    • Employed a digital micromirror device (DMD) for synchronized line illumination.
    • Integrated DMD with FF-OCT system for time-domain imaging.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated an order of magnitude improvement in SNR.
    • Successfully imaged a US Air Force (USAF) target behind a scattering layer.
    • Validated the effectiveness of digital confocal line scanning in FF-OCT.

    Conclusions:

    • Digital confocal line scanning significantly enhances FF-OCT performance in scattering media.
    • The developed method improves SNR and imaging depth capabilities.
    • This technique holds promise for advanced biomedical imaging applications.