Extra Biliary Complications of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Experience from a Study of 1420 Cases

To evaluate the extra biliary complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the outcome of management of those complications. This descriptive observational study was carried out at CMH Dhaka and CMH Jashore, Bangladesh from March 2016 to March 2022. A total of 1420 patients who underwent Laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this study. Extra biliary complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into i) Access related ii) Intraoperative (procedure related) and iii) Postoperative complications. The incidence of access-related, intra-operative or procedure-related and postoperative complications was 2.88%, 4.91% and 1.82% respectively. Access related complications were extra-peritoneal insufflations 1.34%, port site bleeding 1.26%, small bowel laceration 0.21% and transverse colon injury 0.07%. Intraoperative or procedural extra biliary complications were liver injury 0.56%, duodenal perforation 0.07%, colon injury 0.07%, bleeding through cystic artery 0.49% and bleeding from gall bladder bed 1.12%. Postoperative complications were port site infection (PSI) 1.05%, port site hernia (PSH) 0.56%, major sepsis 0.14% and ischemic stroke 0.07%. Two of colonic injuries were the major complications encountered in this series, diagnosed during the procedure and converted to open procedure. Duodenal perforation encountered in one case during difficult dissection in the Callot's triangle, diagnosed during the procedure and managed laparoscopically by intra-corporeal suturing. No mortality reported in this series. Extra biliary complications are almost equally common as biliary complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and can be life-threatening. An early diagnosis and effective management of complications accordingly, are the utmost requirement for favorable outcome in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.