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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
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Double pulsed field gradient diffusion MRI to assess skeletal muscle microstructure.

D B Berry1,2, V L Galinsky3, E B Hutchinson4

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|July 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Double pulsed field gradient diffusion MRI, using spherical anisotropy (SA), accurately measures muscle microstructure and function. This technique shows greater sensitivity than fractional anisotropy for detecting microstructural changes in skeletal muscle.

Keywords:
diffusion anisotropydiffusion tensor imaging (DTI)diffusion tensor subspace imaging (DiTSI)double pulsed field gradientskeletal muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Musculoskeletal Imaging
  • Diffusion MRI

Background:

  • Muscle microstructure significantly influences skeletal muscle function.
  • Assessing muscle microstructure non-invasively is crucial for understanding muscle health and disease.
  • Current diffusion MRI techniques may have limitations in capturing the full spectrum of muscle microstructural variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the sensitivity of double pulsed field gradient (PFG) diffusion MRI to key muscle microstructural features related to function.
  • To compare the performance of spherical anisotropy (SA) derived from diffusion tensor subspace imaging with traditional fractional anisotropy (FA).

Main Methods:

  • Simulated diffusion profiles of muscle microstructure models based on histology.
  • Calculated spherical anisotropy (SA) and performed linear regression against fiber area, diameter, and surface area to volume ratio.
  • Acquired diffusion MRI data from a rat model of muscle hypertrophy using single and double PFG sequences, comparing with histology.

Main Results:

  • Spherical anisotropy (SA) showed excellent agreement with simulated muscle fiber area (r²=0.71), diameter (r²=0.83), and surface area to volume ratio (r²=0.97).
  • In vivo rat muscle, SA distributions mirrored the broad histological variations, unlike the narrow fractional anisotropy (FA) distribution.
  • Double PFG diffusion MRI demonstrated a wider dynamic range for SA compared to FA.

Conclusions:

  • Spherical anisotropy (SA) derived from diffusion tensor subspace imaging is highly sensitive to muscle microstructural features predictive of function.
  • The demonstrated techniques are translatable to experimental skeletal muscle imaging.
  • SA offers increased sensitivity for detecting microstructural changes in muscle tissue compared to fractional anisotropy.