An olfactory-based Brain-Computer Interface: electroencephalography changes during odor perception and discrimination

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Sensory Systems

Background:

• Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) typically use visual or auditory input.
• Olfactory BCI (oBCI) represents a novel sensory modality for neural communication.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose and investigate the feasibility of incorporating olfaction into BCIs.
• To explore potential applications of olfactory BCIs.

Main Methods:

• Two olfactory tasks involving odor perception and discrimination were conducted.
• Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings were used to monitor brain activity.
• EEG data was analyzed in relation to the breath cycle and odor presentation.

Main Results:

• Modulations in frontal theta activity were observed approximately 2 seconds after odor inhalation.
• Relating EEG signals to the breath cycle is crucial for oBCI performance.
• Theta activity shows potential for decoding olfactory information in BCIs.

Conclusions:

• Olfactory BCIs are a promising extension of current BCI technology.
• Frontal theta rhythms and EEG activity can be utilized for oBCI development.
• oBCIs could aid in olfactory training for conditions like anosmia, hyposmia, and cognitive impairment.