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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry
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Sepsis-induced mitochondrial dysfunction: A narrative review.

Wagner Nedel1,2,3, Caroline Deutschendorf4, Luis Valmor Cruz Portela2

  • 1Intensive Care Unit, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre 91350200, Brazil.

World Journal of Critical Care Medicine
|July 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Sepsis severely impairs mitochondrial function in immune cells, impacting patient outcomes. Measuring mitochondrial health in these cells offers a promising approach for assessing sepsis severity and guiding treatment.

Keywords:
InflammationMitochondriaMitochondrial dysfunctionOxidative phosphorylationRespirometrySepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Immunology
  • Mitochondrial biology

Background:

  • Sepsis involves a severe inflammatory response causing organ dysfunction.
  • Mitochondrial function is critically impaired in sepsis, affecting energy production and increasing oxidative stress.
  • Immune cells, particularly mononuclear cells, are central to sepsis pathophysiology and immune response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the pathophysiological role of mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis.
  • To review methods for assessing mitochondrial function in immune cells.
  • To highlight the potential of mitochondrial metabolism as a biomarker in critically ill patients.

Main Methods:

  • Assessment of mitochondrial DNA concentration.
  • Respirometry assays in peripheral mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes).
  • Evaluation of mitochondrial activity in clinical settings.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction, including reduced ATP synthesis, is evident in early sepsis.
  • Peripheral mononuclear cells are suitable for clinical assessment of mitochondrial activity.
  • Alterations in mitochondrial parameters are observed in sepsis patients compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction in immune cells is linked to sepsis.
  • Measuring mitochondrial parameters in immune cells may serve as a biomarker for clinical recovery and treatment response.
  • Further research into immune cell mitochondrial metabolism is crucial for intensive care settings.