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Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
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Life expectancy by ethnic origin in Chile.

Moisés H Sandoval1, Marcela E Alvear Portaccio2, Cecilia Albala1

  • 1Unidad de Nutrición Pública, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Frontiers in Public Health
|July 3, 2023
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Summary

Indigenous Chileans, particularly the Mapuche, face significantly lower life expectancy compared to non-Indigenous populations. This study highlights ethnic disparities in lifespan, emphasizing the need for targeted policies to reduce these inequalities.

Keywords:
ChileIndigenousethnic differenceslife expectancy (LE)non-Indigenous

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Area of Science:

  • Demography
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Ethnic and racial disparities in life expectancy are documented globally.
  • Limited research exists on Indigenous populations in Latin America, despite their significant demographic presence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ethnic differences in life expectancy at birth and age 60 in Chile.
  • To compare the life expectancy of the Mapuche people with other Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups in Chile.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 2017 Chilean census data to construct life tables for Mapuche, other Indigenous, and non-Indigenous populations.
  • Employed the indirect own-children method to estimate infant mortality.
  • Applied the relational logit model and West model life tables to estimate survival functions.

Main Results:

  • Indigenous Chileans have a life expectancy 7 years lower at birth (76.2 vs. 83.2 years) and 6 years lower at age 60 (20.3 vs. 26.4 years) than non-Indigenous individuals.
  • The Mapuche population experiences an even greater survival disadvantage, with 2 years less life expectancy at both birth and age 60 compared to other Indigenous groups.
  • These findings reveal significant ethnic-racial inequalities in lifespan extension within Chile.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms substantial ethnic-racial inequalities in life expectancy in Chile.
  • The Mapuche population faces a pronounced survival disadvantage relative to other Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups.
  • Urgent development of policies is needed to address and reduce these disparities in lifespan.