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Assessment of COVID-19 RT-PCR Positive Symptomatic Patients With Clinical, Hematological, and Radiological Parameters
Natesh G1, Anbumaran Parivakkam Mani1, Gangadharan Vadivelu1
1Respiratory Medicine, Saveetha Medical Collage and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Kancheepuram, IND.
Insights
This study classified COVID-19 patients based on clinical, hematological, and radiological indicators. Categorizing patients, especially those needing oxygen, aids treatment by highlighting key radiological features and D-dimer levels.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Pulmonology
- Radiology
Background:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has infected millions globally, with India ranking third in cases.
- Understanding clinical, hematological, and radiological indicators is crucial for managing COVID-19 patients.
- This study focuses on classifying COVID-19 patients to identify key indicators for effective care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To classify COVID-19 patients into distinct categories based on severity and clinical presentation.
- To identify critical clinical, hematological, and radiological indicators for patient management.
- To assess the importance of D-dimer and imaging findings in different patient groups.
Main Methods:
- An analytical cross-sectional study involved 70 hospitalized COVID-19 patients confirmed by RT-PCR.
- Patients were categorized based on comorbidities and oxygen requirements.
- Clinical symptoms, hematological markers (IL-6, ESR, CRP, D-dimer, ferritin), and chest X-ray/CT findings were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Fever (84.3%) and breathlessness (55.7%) were the most prevalent symptoms.
- Significant variations in D-dimer levels were observed, highest in Category C (oxygen-dependent patients).
- Chest CT findings, including CO-RADS and CT severity scores, showed substantial differences across patient groups.
Conclusions:
- Categorizing COVID-19 patients is essential for tailored treatment strategies.
- Radiological characteristics and D-dimer levels are important indicators, particularly for patients requiring oxygen support.
- This classification aids physicians in focusing on critical indicators for improved patient outcomes.
Background:
Nearly 70.1 million individuals have been infected by the pandemic viral disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was first discovered in China and is caused by a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). This disease is responsible for the deaths of 6 million people. India ranks third in the total number of cases. The purpose of this study was to classify COVID-19 patients according to several criteria and to determine which clinical, hematological, and radiological indicators were most important in their care.
Materials And Methods:
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 70 symptomatic patients who tested positive for COVID-19 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and were hospitalized at the Saveetha Medical College and Hospital in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, for the duration of the study. Comorbidities and oxygen reliance were taken into consideration while classifying patients into one of three categories. Initial symptoms, as well as hematological (interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, serum ferritin, and total cell counts) and radiographic (X-ray and computed tomography (CT) of the thorax) characteristics, were taken and analyzed among the different groups.
Results:
According to our research, the symptom of fever was the most common, accounting for 84.3% of all cases. This was followed by breathlessness (55.7%), myalgia (31.4%), dry cough (27.1%), sore throat (24.3%), cough with expectoration (20%), loose stools (12.9%), loss of taste (12.9%), and smell (11.4%). Although there was a large amount of variation in D-dimer, with Category C having the highest values, there was only a minor amount of variation in ESR and CRP. The X-ray and CT scans of the chest showed substantial differences between the groups, with CT findings such as COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) and CT severity score, consolidation, crazy paving pattern, and vascular dilatation showing a wide range of differences between the groups.
Conclusions:
To facilitate easier treatment and place more attention on radiological characteristics using D-dimer, treating physicians are required to categorize COVID-19 patients into several groups. Patients who need oxygen support were included in this category.
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