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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Natural and Artificial Concepts01:24

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In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint...
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Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness
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Do Large Language Models Know What Humans Know?

Sean Trott1, Cameron Jones1, Tyler Chang1

  • 1Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego.

Cognitive Science
|July 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Large language models like GPT-3 show some ability to understand others' beliefs, but human performance in theory of mind tasks suggests language alone isn't enough for full development.

Keywords:
Belief attributionFalse Belief TaskLanguageLarge language models

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Humans possess the ability to attribute beliefs to others, a key component of social cognition.
  • The origins of this ability are debated, with possibilities including innate predispositions and developmental experiences, particularly language exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of language exposure in developing the ability to understand others' mental states.
  • To test the language exposure hypothesis by evaluating a large language model's (GPT-3) performance on a False Belief Task.

Main Methods:

  • A linguistic version of the False Belief Task was administered to both human participants and the GPT-3 language model.
  • The model was exposed to a vast corpus of human language, exceeding typical human lifetime exposure.

Main Results:

  • Both humans and GPT-3 demonstrated sensitivity to others' beliefs, performing significantly above chance.
  • Human participants consistently outperformed the language model on the False Belief Task.
  • GPT-3's performance, despite extensive language exposure, did not fully account for human capabilities in belief attribution.

Conclusions:

  • Statistical learning from language exposure appears to partially contribute to the development of theory of mind.
  • The findings suggest that mechanisms beyond language acquisition are necessary for the full development of human belief attribution abilities.