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Related Experiment Videos

Validation of optional elastance-resistance left ventricle pump models.

K B Campbell, J A Ringo, G G Knowlen

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |August 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Evaluating left ventricle (LV) pump models revealed that while some models accurately described pressure and outflow data, they failed to predict responses to physiological changes or explain underlying mechanisms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Computational Biology

    Background:

    • Accurate modeling of the left ventricle (LV) is crucial for understanding cardiac function and disease.
    • Existing LV pump models, incorporating elastance (E(t)) and resistance (R), vary in their parameterization and assumptions.
    • Evaluating these models requires rigorous validation against experimental data.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate 14 competing forms of elastance-resistance left ventricle pump models.
    • To assess model performance using descriptive, predictive, and explanative validity tests.
    • To identify limitations in current LV models and suggest improvements.

    Main Methods:

    • Collected left ventricular pressure (P(t)) and outflow (Q(t)) data from anesthetized rats and dogs.

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  • Employed a three-tiered validation procedure: descriptive, predictive, and explanative.
  • Compared models based on parameterization of E(t) (time-varying vs. constant unstretched volume, Vd) and R (pressure-dependent vs. constant).

    • Main Results:

    • Models treating Vd as time-varying and R as constant demonstrated strong descriptive validity, fitting P(t) and Q(t) data well.
    • These best-performing models failed predictive validity tests when predicting responses to altered afterload, preload, and beat history.
    • Model parameters lacked clear physical representation, failing explanative validity, potentially due to inadequate accounting for end-systolic events and deactivation.

    Conclusions:

    • Current elastance-resistance LV models, despite good descriptive fit, are insufficient for predicting physiological responses or providing mechanistic explanations.
    • Inadequate representation of end-systolic dynamics and cardiac deactivation are key limitations.
    • Further model development is needed for a comprehensive understanding of LV function.