Neuroprotective Potential of Brown Seaweed Phytochemicals in Rodent Models of Cerebral Ischemia

Cerebral ischemia, a condition with insufficient blood flow in the brain, is associated with cognitive and behavioral changes. The underlying cellular mechanisms of ischemia-induced brain damage include oxidative stress and inflammation. Cerebral ischemia is a major cause of death and long-term disability; thus, investigating novel dietary sources and their therapeutic potentials have gained interest. Seaweed contains various functional phytochemicals with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Studies have reported that consumption of seaweed is negatively associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke in humans, but the cellular mechanisms of seaweed's effects are less known. In this review, we discuss the neuroprotective roles of seaweed phytochemicals in various models of cerebral ischemia. We further describe the potential cellular mechanisms such as the effect of seaweed phytochemicals in ischemia-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation. Additional preclinical studies are needed to develop effective dietary interventions for the prevention of ischemia-associated brain damage in humans.