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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
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Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
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Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

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Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
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Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

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Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Gastric Emptying01:16

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Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
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Sleeve Gastrectomy in Mice using Surgical Clips
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Updates in metabolic bariatric endoscopy.

Malorie Simons1, Reem Z Sharaiha2

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA.

Digestive Endoscopy : Official Journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society
|July 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies (EBMTs) offer new ways to manage obesity and related conditions. These innovative endoscopic procedures target the stomach, small intestine, or pancreas to improve metabolic health.

Keywords:
bariatric endoscopyendoscopic metabolic therapyweight loss

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Medicine

Background:

  • Global rise in obesity and associated comorbidities necessitates advanced treatment options.
  • Endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies (EBMTs) were developed to mimic surgical outcomes non-surgically.
  • Innovations now extend beyond gastric and small intestinal targets to include pancreatic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies.
  • To categorize EBMTs by their therapeutic targets (gastric, small bowel, pancreatic).
  • To discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and future research directions for these technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current and novel endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies.
  • Categorization of therapies based on anatomical targets: stomach, small intestine, and pancreas.
  • Discussion of mechanisms of action, including weight loss, malabsorption, endocrine remodeling, and pancreatic protein restoration.

Main Results:

  • Gastric EBMTs (balloons, gastroplasty, aspiration) focus on weight loss.
  • Small bowel EBMTs (duodenal resurfacing, bypass sleeves, anastomosis) target metabolic comorbidities.
  • Pancreatic EBMTs aim to restore pancreatic function for type 2 diabetes management.

Conclusions:

  • EBMTs represent a rapidly evolving field with diverse applications for obesity and metabolic diseases.
  • Therapeutic targets are expanding from the stomach and small intestine to include the pancreas.
  • Further research is needed to optimize existing and develop new endoscopic interventions.