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Related Concept Videos

iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing PSC-to-Functional Cell Differentiation Using ML Models Based on Live-Cell Bright-Field Imaging
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing PSC-to-Functional Cell Differentiation Using ML Models Based on Live-Cell Bright-Field Imaging

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Transcriptome-Powered Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation for Regenerative Medicine.

Derek A Ogi1, Sha Jin1,2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.

Cells
|July 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

RNA sequencing (RNAseq) is crucial for understanding human stem cell differentiation in regenerative medicine. This technology guides cell differentiation and aids in disease studies using patient-derived cells.

Keywords:
RNA sequencing and data analysisdifferential gene expressionhuman stem cell differentiationtranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Genomics
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells are vital for in vitro tissue engineering.
  • Transcription factors critically regulate stem cell differentiation.
  • Global transcriptome analysis is essential for assessing differentiation success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review RNA sequencing (RNAseq) techniques and applications in human stem cell differentiation.
  • To discuss RNAseq data interpretation, analysis methods, and their utility.
  • To explore transcriptomics' role in regenerative medicine and disease studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of RNA sequencing (RNAseq) methodologies.
  • Analysis of RNAseq data interpretation tools and analytic methods.
  • Examination of transcriptomics applications in stem cell differentiation.

Main Results:

  • RNAseq effectively measures and characterizes stem cell differentiation success.
  • Gene expression changes during differentiation are elucidated by RNAseq.
  • RNAseq aids in identifying specific cell types and guiding differentiation protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Transcriptomics-enabled differentiation advances regenerative medicine.
  • RNAseq facilitates discovery of factors influencing stem cell lineage commitment.
  • Patient-specific iPSC-derived cells analyzed via transcriptomics offer insights into disease physiology for regenerative medicine.