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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing
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T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing

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A current and future perspective on T cell receptor repertoire profiling.

Yiran Shen1, Alexandria Voigt1, Xuebing Leng2

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.

Frontiers in Genetics
|July 6, 2023
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Summary

This review explores RNA sequencing for analyzing T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires. It highlights TCR gene rearrangement

Keywords:
HLARNATCRautoimmunesequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • T cell receptors (TCRs) are crucial for adaptive immunity, recognizing antigens via gene rearrangement.
  • Mishandling of self-peptides by TCRs can drive autoimmune diseases.
  • Understanding TCR-antigen interactions is key to autoimmune disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application and advancements of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in studying TCR repertoires.
  • To explore the potential of transcriptomic data in modeling TCR-antigen interactions and predicting neoantigens.
  • To discuss bioinformatic tools for analyzing TCR structure and predicting antigenic epitopes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for comprehensive TCR repertoire analysis.
  • Employing single-cell (SC) RNA-seq for high-resolution TCR repertoire profiling.
  • Leveraging advanced artificial intelligence (AI) tools for structural biology and epitope prediction.

Main Results:

  • RNA-seq provides quantitative and comprehensive analysis of TCR repertoires.
  • Transcriptomic data aids in modeling TCR-antigen interactions and neoantigen discovery.
  • Bioinformatic and AI tools enhance the study of peptide/TCR/MHC interactions.

Conclusions:

  • RNA-seq, particularly SC RNA-seq, is a powerful tool for TCR repertoire analysis.
  • Integrating transcriptomics with AI offers new avenues for understanding autoimmunity and cancer immunology.
  • Further development of bioinformatic tools will refine TCR-antigen interaction predictions and epitope identification.