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Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
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A flashbulb memory is a highly vivid and detailed memory, often linked to events of significant emotional impact. These memories stand out in contrast to everyday memories due to their clarity and the precision with which they are recalled. The strong emotions associated with the event act as a catalyst, ensuring that specific details, such as one's location, actions, and even peripheral elements, are etched into memory with remarkable accuracy. For example, many people can vividly recall...
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Updated: Jul 24, 2025

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
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[The Programme 13-Novembre between individual memory and collective memory].

Francis Eustache1, Denis Peschanski2

  • 1U1077, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine (NIMH), Inserm, EPHE-PSL, Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France.

Biologie Aujourd'Hui
|July 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientific memory research evolved from isolated psychology to interdisciplinary "sciences of memory." This shift integrates individual and collective memory studies, exemplified by the Programme 13-Novembre, aiding trauma and memory disorder understanding.

Keywords:
collective memoryflashbulb memoryindividual memorymemory sciencesmémoire collectivemémoire individuellepost-traumatic stress disordersciences de la mémoiresouvenir flashtrouble de stress post-traumatique

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sociology
  • Humanities

Context:

  • Historical divide between experimental psychology (Ebbinghaus) and social sciences (Halbwachs) on memory.
  • Disciplinary isolation persisted until the late 20th century, limiting comprehensive memory research.
  • Emergence of interdisciplinary approaches in the 21st century, seeking to bridge individual and collective memory.

Purpose:

  • Trace the historical evolution of scientific inquiry into human memory from the late 19th century.
  • Advocate for the establishment of
  • sciences of memory
  • underpinned by dialectic and transdisciplinary methodologies.
  • Introduce the Programme 13-Novembre as a case study exemplifying this new transdisciplinary approach to memory.

Summary:

  • Presents the historical trajectory of memory research, from early experimental psychology and sociology to contemporary interdisciplinary efforts.
  • Highlights the shift towards integrating individual (psychological) and collective (social) memory perspectives.
  • Details the Programme 13-Novembre, a transdisciplinary initiative studying the 2015 Paris attacks, as a model for the emerging
  • sciences of memory
  • .

Impact:

  • Fosters a new paradigm for memory research through transdisciplinarity and dialectic integration.
  • Provides a framework for understanding complex societal events through multiple memory lenses.
  • Offers potential applications in managing psychological pathologies like post-traumatic stress disorder and other memory-related conditions.