Pursuing Green and Efficient Agriculture from Molecular Assembly: A Review of Solid-State Forms on Agrochemicals

Achieving rapid global agricultural development while maintaining ecological harmony is a major challenge of the new millennium. Meeting this challenge requires the development of efficient and environmentally friendly agrochemicals, including pesticides and fertilizers. Molecular assembly, as a promising strategy, has garnered significant attention in recent years for the development of advanced solid-state forms of agrochemicals. In this review, we present the potential and recent advancements of solid-state forms, such as polymorphs, cocrystals/salts, solvates, inclusion compounds, and the amorphous state, for the production of high-efficiency and low-polluting agrochemical products. We provide an overview of the concepts and preparation methods of these solid-state forms, followed by an exploration of their applications in sustainable agriculture. Specifically, we highlight their value in enhancing pesticide solubility, enabling controlled release of chemical fertilizers, and reducing off-target risks. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and prospects associated with the utilization of solid-state forms for the advancement of environmentally friendly and efficient agriculture.