Mechanisms and asymmetries in visual perception of simultaneity and temporal order

Temporally overlapping, spatially separated visual stimuli were used for studying perception of simultaneity and temporal order. Pairs of flashes each of 100 ms duration were presented with stimulus onset asynchronies of 0, 30, 50, and 70 ms. Three spatial arrangements of flash presentation were tested: both flashes were presented foveally; one flash was presented foveally and the other at 8 deg in the left visual hemifield; one flash was presented foveally and the other at 8 deg in the right visual hemifield. Onset asynchronies of 30 and 50 ms were not sufficient for correct identification of temporal order although the flashes were not perceived as simultaneous. Analysis of the response distributions suggests the existence of two-independent mechanisms for evaluating temporal interrelations: one for detecting simultaneity and the other for identifying temporal order. A better detection of simultaneity was found when synchronous flashes were presented together with pairs of flashes separated by larger onset asynchronies. Reading habits may explain only part of the left-right asymmetries of the response distributions. The possible lateralization of the two suggested mechanisms within the cerebral hemispheres is discussed.