Radiological abnormalities in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Identifying typical and atypical imaging...

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Infectious Diseases
• Radiology

Background:

• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS).
• PML primarily affects individuals with compromised immune systems, including those with HIV/AIDS, lymphoproliferative disorders, and multiple sclerosis.
• Risk factors also include the use of immunomodulatory therapies, chemotherapy, and organ or bone marrow transplantation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a practical overview of radiological findings in PML.
• To highlight typical and atypical imaging abnormalities associated with PML.
• To discuss differential diagnoses for PML, particularly in high-risk patient groups.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article.
• It synthesizes current knowledge on PML imaging.
• It focuses on radiological features and differential diagnoses.

Main Results:

• PML presents with diverse imaging abnormalities on various radiological modalities.
• Accurate recognition of these findings is crucial for early diagnosis.
• Differentiating PML from other CNS conditions is essential, especially in immunocompromised patients.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis of PML through radiological assessment is critical.
• Prompt identification facilitates timely immune system restoration.
• Effective management strategies can lead to favorable patient outcomes.