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Author Spotlight: An Efficient Methodology to Confidently Differentiate and Characterize Fentanyl Analogs
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Non-fentanyl new synthetic opioids - An update.

Jolanta B Zawilska1, Piotr Adamowicz2, Marta Kurpeta1

  • 1Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.

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Summary

This review details non-fentanyl derived synthetic opioids (NSO), including nitazenes and U-compounds. It highlights their characteristics, detection methods, and challenges in reversing NSO overdoses with naloxone.

Keywords:
2-Benzylbenzimidazoles (nitazenes)Analytical Toxicology, Treatment of opioid overdoseBrorphineMT-45New synthetic opioids (NSO)Non-fentanyl opioidsU-compounds

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • New synthetic opioids (NSO) are rapidly emerging psychoactive substances.
  • Fentanyl analogs represent the largest NSO subgroup.
  • Increasingly diverse chemical structures complicate the illicit drug market.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key information on non-fentanyl derived NSO.
  • To characterize emerging NSO, their pharmacology, and toxicology.
  • To discuss analytical methods and naloxone effectiveness in NSO overdose.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to December 2022.
  • Searched institutional websites for reports from WHO, UNODC, DEA, and EMCDDA.
  • Included only English-language articles and reports.

Main Results:

  • Characterized non-fentanyl NSO like nitazenes, brorphine, U-compounds, AH-7921, and MT-45.
  • Presented available forms, pharmacology, metabolism, and toxic effects.
  • Detailed sample procedures, analytical techniques, and discussed naloxone effectiveness for NSO overdose.

Conclusions:

  • Provides essential data on non-fentanyl derived NSO.
  • Highlights the importance of up-to-date information for clinicians and analysts.
  • Emphasizes the dynamic nature of the illicit drug landscape.